Can replacing books with electronic devices really be
“extremely dangerous,” as Hollander claims? He couldn't find any evidence to
back his claim besides a vague statement by an independent researcher who stated
the results of her studies are mixed. In fact, he speaks only of worries and
possibilities of potential hazards to students. Nevertheless, the point needs
to be conceded that, like in everything else, there must be some danger to the
conversion.
One foreseeable danger to using e-readers could be for those
that would do so while driving. According to “Cognitive Distraction While
Multitasking in the Automobile,” distracted driving accounted for 25 percent of
all crashes in 2008. Keep in mind however, that ‘distracted driving” can
encompass more than just texting or changing the radio station. It can also include
reading a bumper sticker, changing clothes, or eating a cheeseburger.
Unfortunately, people will continue to find new ways to entertain themselves on
a busy highway, en route to grandma’s house with or without this new technology.
Still, preparations must be made for e-readers to catch some of the blame for a
driver’s negligence. As strange as it sounds, a student causing an accident
while doing homework behind the wheel may become a part of this terrible
statistic. While this may support, in a way, how physical harm can come to a
person using the e-reader by proxy, can the Kindle or a Nook injury a person
directly?
With the introduction of Amazon’s Kindle and other e-readers
came the birth of Electronic Ink (E-Ink). Reed College, among other
institutions, was one of the first to try these new devices in an academic
setting. In their report they noted that the device’s mimicry of an actual page
was not only “extremely legible,” but also brought less visual fatigue than
paper after many hours of reading (Marmarelli 2) . This study shows
that not only is an e-reader safe on the eyes, but is also even better than a
standard textbook. Perhaps the ability to instantly jump from one place in the
book to another plays some small part to stress relief, or maybe it is the
ability to go from project to research sources in almost an instant. Could this
immediate access to the internet and source material develop into a problem as
well?
One of the greatest dangers would have to be that to academia—not
in a veritable “book-burning,” but more specifically, to the use of credible
source material. It is the hope of every college professor and school teacher
that students would know better than to trust the word of “SmackBot” and his
definition of “spectral bands” on Wikipedia, but it happens time and time
again. With the ability to seek out source material and write a research paper
all on one device, it is important to instruct students on gathering credible
sources that may go beyond the standard one hour block of instruction that most
institutions host, to which students may or may not attend. More effort is
needed to ensure this issue is addressed within the class at the instructor’s
level. It is not enough to tell students “Don’t use Wikipedia.” Students need
to be shown how to use the institution’s database, as well as the advanced
features that can be found on many of the search engines like Google. Sadly,
this is a current problem not unique to e-readers.
Reading further into the editorial, Hollander claims that
while he can see the benefits of such a lightweight device, there really is no
need for it with the advent of the rolling backpack. Sure, the rolling backpack
has been monumental in making that heavy load of textbooks and notes lighter to
move around, but what about the overall clutter when sitting in the classroom?
For that matter, why bother carrying all of that stuff at all?
In many cases, classes are already filled to the max, and it
can be a nightmare to find room for even the lightest backpacks, much less that
airport luggage. E-readers allow students to scan those notes and enter them
into the tiny device alongside what would physically be more than twenty pounds
of books. Even more incredibly, with the aid of a stylus, notes can even be
taken in real time, handwritten. Considering this, the rolling backpack is more
of a burden than anything else. As far as security goes, losing papers and even
entire notebooks is a sad fact of life that most people have experienced, no
matter what kind of bag they use for storage. E-readers and applications
provide the option of saving locally to a hard disk, saving to a flash drive,
and saving to virtual storage on the web. Forgetting a backpack at home came be
pretty frightening when there is a deadline, but with an electronic device
there is no longer a need to freak out and rush back home. Today, it is as
simple as finding a local school computer, downloading the homework or speech
from a cloud server, and printing it off.
According to “Long Live Paper,” American society is quick to
toss out the old ways in exchange for the new. Hollander even compares the rail
system that once dominated the United States and its dismantling of it to make
way for automobiles to America’s impending conversion to electronic devices. Is
that so bad? The fact that many people wake up of their own accord when they
are supposed to in lieu of being jolted awake by the rumbling of tons of steel
and passenger cars could be considered a benefit to technological advancement.
The same could be said with paper and electronic devices. The decrease in
desktop and backpack clutter is done away with, leaving a workspace that is
neat and tidy, and eliminating the noise of students that tend to pack up early
and interrupt an instructor’s lecture. This only lends credence to Hollander’s
traditionalistic stance, and his reluctance to let go of an outdated system.
Is this a “technology-inspired extinction” as Hollander
claims? Hardly—it is more of a revamping or a transformation of something that
was good into something that is better. Hard copies will still be printed,
cataloged, and stored for safekeeping so that traditionalist may still have
access, or in case of a catastrophe, it can be easily retrieved. If the
e-reader revolution takes off in-full, think of all of the paper waste that
could be negated. How many trees could be saved with this technology?
The dependence these items have on a power source can be seen
as a drawback, but with continued advances in technology, solar powered systems
are just around the corner. Until then, keep in mind that the charge on the
basic Kindle e-reader can last for up to a month or more. Nothing comes without
some maintenance. After all, pencils need to be sharpened, papers have to be
stapled, and books wear out and must be reprinted. All things considered,
charging the device seems a rather small price to pay in comparison to the
benefits.
A study in 2002 on twelve eighth-grade students was conducted
to determine if using e-readers or traditional books would be more beneficial
in the areas of comprehension, engagement, and reading strategies. Before the
experiment, all of the students scored at least two grade levels below what
they should have on the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) Comprehension
Test. After four weeks, the students were retested, and those that had used the
e-readers, showed significant gains in engagement and comprehension strategies,
thanks in part to the easily accessible functions for defining unknown words (Poage VII) .
While using traditional books has become a comfortable norm
for some, the positive results to using electronic devices cannot be ignored.
To do so would be blatantly irresponsible to a generation that has been proven
to excel with it. For most people, change is a terribly frightening thing in
and of itself. This fact is only compounded with knowing that this change will
reshape a system that has been in place for millennia. What must remembered
however, is that this will be a change made in the best interest of all, just
as thousands of years ago, the first oral communication was transcribed onto a
delicate piece of papyrus. Things must move forward. These devices offer
education on a global scale. Via a virtual Alexandrian Library, humanity will have
access to vast amounts of cultures, sciences, and mathematics. To halt this
advance because of unnecessary worries that have absolutely no merit besides a
stubborn sense of traditionalism is madness. By knowing what e-readers and
applications can bring to the world and the new discoveries that will certainly
be made using them as a tool, is this really something that should be halted?
Works Cited
Hollander,
Justin. "Long Live Paper." Editorial.
The New York Times. 9 Oct. 2012. Web.
14 Oct. 2012.
Marmarelli, Trina. The Reed College Kindle Study.
Diss. Reed College, 2002. Portland: Reed, 2010. PDF file.
Poage, Cheryl Lynn. What are the Effects of
eReaders Vs. Print Text on Struggling Eighth Grade Readers in the Language Arts
Classroom? Diss. Wichita State University, 2002. Wichita: Wichita, 2011.
PDF file.
Strayer, David, Jason Watson and Frank Drews.
"Cognitive Distraction While Multitasking in the Automobile." Brian
Ross. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Burlington: Academic
Press, 2011. 29-58. PDF file.